Practice for the civics test.
People applying for US citizenship answer questions about American government and history. These six practice questions cover key facts, from easy to hard, with explanations. This is unofficial practice — always check USCIS for the current official test.
Did you know?
- The Constitution, signed in 1787, is the oldest written national constitution still in use in the world. The original document is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
- The number of voting members in the House of Representatives has been fixed at 435 since 1913, except for a brief period after Alaska and Hawaii joined. Seats are reassigned among states after each census.
- The 27th Amendment, about changes to congressional pay, was first proposed in 1789 but ratified only in 1992 — more than 200 years later — after a university student campaigned for it.
Understanding the civics test
Most people applying to become US citizens through naturalization take a civics test about American government and history, along with an English test. The questions cover the Constitution, the structure of government, rights and responsibilities, and key facts about US history and geography. Studying for it is also a useful refresher for anyone interested in how the country works.
How the test works
Applicants are asked a set of civics questions drawn from an official list published by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and must answer a required number correctly. USCIS updated the civics test in 2025. Because rules can change, applicants should always check the official USCIS website for the current version and study materials.
Three branches of government
The Constitution divides the federal government into three branches: the legislative branch (Congress) makes laws, the executive branch carries them out, and the judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court, interprets them. This system of checks and balances is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Congress: two chambers
Congress has two chambers. The Senate gives each state equal representation with two senators, while the House of Representatives assigns seats by population. This compromise, agreed at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, balanced the interests of large and small states.
Rights and responsibilities
The Bill of Rights protects freedoms such as speech, religion, assembly and the press. Citizens also have responsibilities, including serving on a jury when called and participating in their communities. Many test questions focus on these rights and responsibilities.
Studying effectively
Official USCIS study materials include the full list of questions and answers, flashcards and practice tests. Many applicants study with family members or community classes. Understanding the reasons behind the answers, rather than memorizing words alone, usually makes the material easier to remember.